ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has killed millions of individuals and has led to the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression. The antiviral effects of vitamin D can hinder viral replication directly, and also be effective in an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory way. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the serum levels of free 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)-D) in patients with COVID-19 infection in correlation to clinical manifestations and severity in multicenter tertiary-care hospitals, Egypt. Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 confirmed patients with COVID-19 by using RT-PCR for detection of the viral RNA. The COVID-19 patients were classified into four groups of mild (n=40) moderate (n=40), severe (n=40), and critical (n=30) based on disease severity. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)-D were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results According to the current study results, all included patients (n=150) had a low level of serum levels of 25(OH)-D (11.46±4.47) in COVID-19 patients compared to normal levels. Interestingly, the levels of serum 25(OH)-D were significantly low in severe (9.5±2.71) and critical (6.26±2.58) groups compared to mild (16.37±2.62) and moderate (12.3±2.62) groups. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)-D levels and hemoglobin, platelets, albumin, and SPO2 values. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)-D levels and LDH, C reactive protein, D dimer, and ferritin levels. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 in particular patients with severe and critical COVID-19 had a significantly low level of serum 25(OH)-D compared to mild and moderate cases, in addition, PSO2 and D dimer were independently correlated with serum 25(OH)-D, thus low serum 25(OH)-D level could be a predictor of severe and critical COVID-19. © 2021, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clinical syndrome caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with severe illness have an overactive immune system, which can damage organs other than the lungs. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of clinical manifestations and comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Patients and methods: This retrospective single-center observational study was conducted in the Tertiary Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. This retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive 370 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from May to September 2020.The diagnosis of the cases was confirmed using RT-PCR for detection of the viral RNA. Demographic characteristics, including underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, chest CT scan and treatment measures were reported. Results: According to this retrospective, single-center observational study, which was conducted on consecutive 370 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection? The study involved 193 Egyptian males (52.1%) and 177 Egyptian females (47.9%) with COVID-19. The mean age was 40. 2 ±14.74 years. The common symptoms of the COVID-19 patients at the onset of sickness were myalgia [355 (95.9%)], fatigue [291 (78.6%)], headache [235 (63.5%)], fever [247 (66.8%)], cough [213 (57.6.%)], sputum production [201 (54.3%)] and dyspnea [189 (51.1%)].The most prevalent comorbidity were hypertension [142(38.4%)] followed by diabetes [132 (35.6%)]. Conclusion: The commonest clinical manifestations of confirmed cases of COVID-19 were myalgia, fatigue, headache, fever, and cough and the most prevalent comorbidities associated with COVID 19 patients were hypertension and diabetes. © 2021, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.